EUROPE
As Eastern and Central European countries become tourist enticers alongside Western European favorites, you're left to wonder what to tip where, and when to put down dollars, euros, or local currency. One rule applies across the board: "Tip in cash," not on a credit card, says Gwen Kozlowski of Exeter International in Tampa, Florida. "If you don't, the server won't necessarily get it"

CROATIA
At Restaurants: If you're ordering just coffee or a drink, leave the change. For a quick, casual dinner at a konoba, as taverns are called, leave about $1. For dinner in a nice restaurant, where tips usually are not included, leave about 10 to 15 percent.
At Hotels: Concierges aren't common, but tip them $5 if they do something special for you, says Wanda S. Radetti of Tasteful Croatian Journeys in New York. Cleaning staff get a few dollars per day in an envelope at the end of your stay; bellboys get $1 per bag. You might also want to leave the dining-room breakfast staff $5 at stay's end if they've taken good care of you.
Guides and Drivers: Tip them separately 10 to 20 percent per day. With taxi drivers, just leave the change.
Dollars Accepted? Not so much; use euros.
P.S. If you're sailing the Croatian coastline, at the end of your trip leave about $50 per person for the skipper and about 15 to 20 percent of the total cost of the journey for the kitchen staff, if there is one.

CZECH REPUBLIC
At Restaurants: There's usually a service charge, but consider tipping on top of it—up to 15 percent total. When it comes to good service, Czechs get it, says Kozlowski admiringly. "They regularly serve the British market, English is widely spoken, and they'll find a way to make things special for you."
At Hotels: Tip concierges about $20 if they do something really special for you. Bellhops get $1 to $2 per bag, cleaning staff $3 to $5 a day.
Guides and Drivers: Tip guides $15 to $20 per person per day for small groups and $10 per person per day for larger groups; tip drivers half that. In taxis, round up the fare.
Dollars Accepted? Yes. Euros too.
P.S. If you get a special backstage tour—at, for example, Prague's Estates Theatre, where Mozart debuted Don Giovanni—tip the guide a few dollars.

ESTONIA
At Restaurants: "They don't tip much over there," says Natasha Tichy, of Wexford, Pennsylvania's Frontiers International Travel. Most locals leave nothing at all on meals during the day. So leave just a few coins; at night in a nice restaurant, tip 5 to 8 percent—in cash.
At Hotels: Most have a basket at the front counter where you can leave a few dollars a day for the whole staff. Porters get $1 to $2 per bag. You might give a concierge $5 if he goes out of his way for you.
Guides and Drivers: Guides get $15 to $20 per day, drivers 60 to 70 percent of that. With taxis, you can round up the fare, but you don't have to.
Dollars Accepted? Yes, and euros too, but if you're tipping folks who don't regularly deal with tourists, tip in Estonian kroons, which are about 12 to the U.S. dollar (it's probably easier for them).

FRANCE
At Restaurants: The words service compris on your bill mean no tip is required, but most locals leave up to 10 percent in coins. Tipping at bars is not expected.
At Hotels: One euro per bag; 1–2 euros for a housekeeper; 10–15 euros per restaurant reservation made by a concierge—half on arrival at the hotel, half at the end.
Guides and Drivers: About 25 euros per person per day for guides, and up to 50 euros for one who's nationally certified; a separate driver should get about half of that. Give 10–20 euros for private airport transfers, depending on the driver's wait time and the in-car amenities, and a euro or two for taxi drivers, depending on how helpful they are.

GERMANY
At Restaurants: Ten to 15 percent to the waiter or bartender—just add it to the bill.
At Hotels: Three euros per bag for the porter; 5 euros per night for the housekeeper; 20 euros for a helpful concierge.
Dollars Accepted?: Yes, but euros are recommended.
P.S. Despite its reputation for precision, Germany has no hang-ups about generous tipping.

GREECE
At Restaurants: Round up, plus a little more for excellent service—say, to the fives (25 euros for a 22-euro meal).
At Hotels: Porters, a euro per bag; housekeepers, a euro a day at most; concierges only for something very special.
Guides and Drivers: No tip expected for taxis—round up and they'll be delighted; private drivers, 20 euros per day, 50 if they've gone out of their way. Group tours, 2–5 euros per person; personal tours, 20 or more.
Who Else?: If you charter a boat, the captain will let you know if the crew gets underpaid, and will collect a euro or two from everyone; tip the captain 50 euros per person at most.
P.S. Alec Mally, an American former diplomat now living in Greece, notes that since the introduction of the euro, tipping expectations have become considerably inflated, because people tend to round up to the next euro. Four euros for a 3-euro drink isn't unheard of.

HUNGARY
At Restaurants: When it comes to great service, "Hungary isn't quite there yet," says Kozlowski. "If the service is good, I leave 10 percent of the total bill in cash, tops. If it's just coffee, I leave pocket change."
At Hotels: Tip concierges about $20 if they do something extra­ordinary like secure you hard-to-get tickets. Porters get $1 to $2 per bag, cleaning staff $3 to $5 a day.
Guides and Drivers: Tip guides $15 to $20 per person per day for small groups and $10 per person per day for larger groups; tip drivers half that. In taxis, round up the fare.
Dollars Accepted? Yes, if they're undamaged and crisp, and never give American coins.
P.S. Expect to tip train porters $1 to $2 per bag. Spas will probably include a 10 percent service fee, but you can tip 10 percent on top of that.

ICELAND
At Restaurants: A 15 percent tip is built in, and don't leave more than 5 percent on top of that. Overall, "there's no tipping in Iceland," says Tor D. Jensen of Jensen World Travel in Wilmette, Illinois.
At Hotels: There is simply no tipping of any sort, says Jensen.
Guides and Drivers: You can give guides about $10 a day and drivers $5, but it's not expected. "You might treat them to lunch," says Jensen.
Dollars Accepted? Yes.

ITALY
At Restaurants: Leave as close to 10 percent as is convenient, but no more.
At Hotels: Porters, 5 euros; housekeepers, 1–2 euros per night, more for extra service.
(or 15–20 percent of the tab).
Who Else?: Despite the old-world romance of a ride on the canal, tipping gondoliers and vaporettos isn't customary.
Dollars Accepted?: Yes, but euros are much preferred.
P.S. "There is no fixed percentage as in the U.S.," says Filippo Curinga, of Italy-based IDI Travel. Another travel agent recommends insisting if your tip is first refused—it's a common demurral in Italy.

RUSSIA
At Restaurants: Give 10 percent in cash directly to the waiter; leave it on the table and management might pocket it.
At Hotels: Porters, $3–$5 per trip made; housekeepers, $2–$3 per night; concierges, $10–$20 for good service.
Guides and Drivers: Cabbies, 10 percent; drivers, $20–$30 per full day; private guides, $35–$45 per full day.
Dollars Accepted?: Yes, but make sure bills are free of marks, stains, and tears—otherwise Russian banks will charge the recipient a fee for exchanging them.
P.S. No need to tip discreetly in Nouveau Russia: "Giving in style is good practice," says travel agent Natasha Tichy of Frontiers International. "Putting it in an envelope with a thank-you note makes a better impression than shoving a bank note into one's hand."

SCANDINAVIA
Tipping here is fairly formalized; either the service is included in the bill, or tipping isn't done. Taxi drivers don't expect tips, and even many porters and coatroom attendants have fixed fees and don't expect a penny more. Hotel and restaurant bills usually include service charges. Scandinavia is an expensive place, but since you won't have to shell out much more than you see on the bill, at least you know what you're getting into.

SPAIN
At Restaurants: If the service is good, round up the bill to anywhere from 7 to 13 percent and leave it in cash, not on a credit card, says Virginia Irurita of Madrid's Made for Spain travel agency. If the service isn't good, she says, "you can leave the table without giving a tip and nobody will say a word. Americans are coming here and leaving 20 percent, so some waiters are getting spoiled."
At Hotels: Tip concierges who do you a special favor 5 to 10 euros, cleaning staff about 5 euros a day (up front if you want them to treat you extra nice), and bellboys about one euro per bag.
Guides and Drivers: Leave guides 30 euros per person per day (up to 40 if they're really good), drivers half that. With taxi drivers, round up the fare.
Dollars Accepted? Euros are strongly preferred.

SWITZERLAND
At Restaurants: Most places include a 15 percent service charge. On top of that, leave small change in casual places and between 5 and 10 percent extra in posh spots, depending on the service.
At Hotels: A service charge is included in the bill, so tip the concierge $10 to $20 only if he makes you a special reservation.Hand the cleaning lady $5 to $10 on the spot if she goes out of her way for you.
Guides and Drivers: Really good guides get about $40 per person per small group per day, drivers half that. With taxi drivers, tip 5 to 10 percent or round up the fare.
Dollars Accepted? Yes, but euros and the Swiss franc—valued right now a bit under one U.S. dollar—are preferred.

TURKEY
At Restaurants: Ten percent or a bit more, in cash—you can't put it on your credit card.
At Hotels: Porters, $2 per bag; $10 for a very helpful concierge.
Guides and Drivers: Taxi drivers aren't generally tipped, but rounding up works, and drivers will sometimes just take the initiative and keep the change. Private cars get $25 per day, regardless of the size of the group. Tour guides get $5–$10 per day per person; private tour guides, $20 and up.
Who Else?: At Turkish baths, the masseur gets $10 or 10 percent, whichever is greater. If you charter a boat, give the crew 5 percent of the price; if you rent a boat cabin, $10 per person per day. And don't forget to tip attendants at the carparks—$4 should do it.
Dollars Accepted?: Yes, and euros, in addition to lira.
P.S. "Tipping is at one's own discretion," says Earl Starkey at Protravel International, which specializes in planning trips to Turkey. "If you are not pleased with the services rendered, don't tip. It isn't like New York, where the waiter might follow you out onto the street."

UKRAINE
At Restaurants: Ukraine is "just emerging as a good tourist des­tination," says Kozlowski. "English isn't widely spoken, and service can be surly." Leave 10 percent for a really good dining experience; otherwise, round up the bill.
At Hotels: Most add on a hefty 20 percent tax that includes a service charge. "I generally just leave some pocket change for the cleaning staff," says Kozlowski. "It's not like they're knocking on your door offering turndown service."
Guides and Drivers: Guides get $15 to $20 per person per day, drivers $5 to $10.
Dollars Accepted? Yes, as are euros.
P.S. "Nobody's doing any special service there," says Kozlowski. "You're not going to the spa in Ukraine, trust me."

UNITED KINGDOM
At Restaurants: Service is often included; if not, tip 10–15 percent. Sometimes you'll see an "optional" charge added to the bill; make sure you're not just blindly paying it but adjusting to the level you feel comfortable with. And feel free to round to the nearest pound—up or down. Tipping in pubs is not customary.
At Hotels: Porters, 1–2 pounds per bag; housekeepers, 1–2 pounds. Go up to 5 pounds apiece at the five-star hotels.
Guides and Drivers: Taxis, 10 percent or less; tipping optional for a narrated boat tour through the Thames—they'll certainly ask. A few pounds, up to 10 percent, for a guide or driver at the end of the day, or maybe take him to lunch. Not much more is expected, as Brits don't always expect to tip when they're abroad.
Dollars Accepted?: Pounds much preferred.
P.S. Tipping is said to have originated in sixteenth-century England, and though it has since spread across the globe, England has by and large gone the way of most of Europe: Tips are included in many bills, especially in formal settings, and discretion is key in handing them over.